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Regulatory mechanisms underlying the specification of the pupal-homologous stage in a hemimetabolous insect Regulation of cricket metamorphosis Respective roles of Kr-h1, Br and E93 in hemimetabolous metamorphosis 50435525 石丸, 善康 イシマル, ヨシヤス Ishimaru, Yoshiyasu 石丸 イシマル Ishimaru 善康 ヨシヤス Yoshiyasu 友成, さゆり トモナリ, サユリ Tomonari, Sayuri 30709481 渡辺, 崇人 ワタナベ, タカヒト Watanabe, Takahito 渡辺 ワタナベ Watanabe 崇人 タカヒト Takahito 40156211 野地, 澄晴 ノジ, スミハレ Noji, Sumihare 野地 ノジ Noji 澄晴 スミハレ Sumihare 80322254 三戸, 太郎 ミト, タロウ Mito, Taro 三戸 ミト Mito 太郎 タロウ Taro open access Gryllus bimaculatus insect metamorphosis Krüppel homolog 1 Broad complex E93 Juvenile hormones (JHs) and the genetic interaction between the transcription factors Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1) and Broad (Br) regulate the transformation of insects from immature to adult forms in both types of metamorphosis (holometaboly with a pupal stage versus hemimetaboly with no pupal stage); however, knowledge about the exact instar in which this occurs is limited. Using the hemimetabolous cricket Gryllus bimaculatus (Gb), we demonstrate that a genetic interaction occurs among Gb’Kr-h1, Gb’Br and the adult-specifier transcription factor Gb’E93 from the sixth to final (eighth) nymphal instar. Gb’Kr-h1 and Gb’Br mRNAs were strongly expressed in the abdominal tissues of sixth instar nymphs, with precocious adult moults being induced by Gb’Kr-h1 or Gb’Br knockdown in the sixth instar. Depletion of Gb’Kr-h1 or Gb’Br up-regulates Gb’E93 in the sixth instar. In contrast, Gb’E93 knockdown at the sixth instar prevents nymphs transitioning to adults, instead producing supernumerary nymphs. Gb’E93 also represses Gb’Kr-h1 and Gb’Br expression in the penultimate nymphal instar, demonstrating its important role in adult differentiation. Our results suggest that the regulatory mechanisms underlying the pupal transition in holometabolous insects are evolutionarily conserved in hemimetabolous G. bimaculatus, with the penultimate and final nymphal periods being equivalent to the pupal stage. The Royal Society 2019-08-26 eng journal article AM 359157 https://tokushima-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2006718 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0225 10.1098/rstb.2019.0225 09628436 14712970 AA00772905 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 374 1783 20190225 https://tokushima-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2006718/files/ptrsb_374_1783_20190225.pdf application/pdf 1.99 MB 2019-10-10